Non-fatal suicide behaviours across phases in the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study in a Catalan cohort.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has been extensively discussed in the context of its effect on mental health. Although global suicide rates have remained stable during the pandemic, the specific effect on non-fatal suicide behaviours during and after the pandemic remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate patterns of non-fatal suicide behaviours before, during, and after the pandemic. METHODS: In this cohort study, we used data from all hospitals in Catalonia, Spain, collected through the Catalan Suicide Risk Code, which is a specifically designed suicide attempt surveillance protocol, involving a face-to-face, in-depth psychiatric evaluation, after a Catalan resident presents any suicide risk behaviour in any public health-care setting. This evaluation centralises data from suicide registries across the territory. We included non-fatal suicide behaviours, meaning suicidal ideation or attempts that did not result in death, and excluded self-harm behaviours not judged to be linked with suicidal ideation. We considered three periods: the pre-confinement period (Jan 1, 2018, to the enforcement of the lockdown in Spain on March 14, 2020); the confinement period (March 14, 2020, to the end of lockdown on June 21, 2020); and the post-confinement period (June 21, 2020, to Dec 31, 2022). We used Bayesian structural time series models to assess the effect of pandemic phases on non-fatal suicide behaviours, and we ran stratified analyses by sex and age to identify distinct patterns among demographic cohorts. FINDINGS: We obtained 26 482 records from Jan 1, 2018, to Dec 31, 2022. The mean age was 37·94 years (SD 18·07), and the sample included 17 584 (66·4%) women and 8898 (33·6%) men. Data on ethnicity were not collected. Temporal trends showed a mild increase in non-fatal suicide behaviours from Jan 1, 2018, to March 13, 2020; a reduction during the confinement period; and a subsequent rise after confinement. Bayesian models suggested a significant causal effect of lockdown easing, resulting in a 50·77% increase in non-fatal suicide behaviours (95% credible interval [CrI] 26·62-76·58; p<0·0001). Stratified analyses indicated that the easing of lockdown resulted in a significant increase in non-fatal suicide behaviours among women (25·92%; 6·71-44·72; p=0·011) and among individuals aged 18 years and younger (72·75%; 38·81-108·11; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION: This study provides a comprehensive examination of non-fatal suicide behaviours in Catalonia, Spain, emphasising the dynamics of different COVID-19 pandemic phases. The initial reduction during strict lockdown aligns with Joiner's Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, whereas the post-confinement rise reflects complex factors, including social isolation and economic challenges. Sex-specific and age-specific analyses underscore distinct vulnerabilities, emphasising the need for targeted preventive strategies. FUNDING: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental annual budget of G21, Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca of the Generalitat de Catalunya. TRANSLATIONS: For the Catalan and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Nivel de conocimiento de Covid-19 entre estudiantes, docentes y personal administrativo que pertenecen a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Central del Ecuador

Introducción: Covid-19, una enfermedad letal que ha provocado estragos a nivel mundial causó una pandemia, afectando a casi todos los aspectos de la vida humana, por lo cual, se debe adquirir conocimientos sobre prevención, formar actitudes y comportamientos positivos para evitar más contagios y muertes. El objetivo fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento de Covid-19 entre estudiantes, docentes y personal administrativo que pertenecen a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Métodos: estudio observacional, analítico transversal, con una muestra conformada por 275 participantes entre docentes odontólogos, personal administrativo, estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado. Previo al estudio se realizó la traducción del cuestionario: Covid-19 Awareness Among Healthcare Students and Professionals in Mumbai Metropolitan Region: A Questionnaire-Based Survey, de inglés a español, siguiendo los debidos procesos de preparación, conciliación, retrotraducción, e informe final. Una vez establecida la fiabilidad del cuestionario (consistencia interna CCI= 0,89 y Alpha de Cronbach α= 0,63) se aplicó a la muestra total previo diseño en Google Forms y enviado a través de correo electrónico. Los datos fueron analizados en el programa estadístico SPSS v. 26 mediante la prueba de Chi-Cuadrado. Resultados: el promedio establecido del valor de la mediana mostró que los estudiantes de pregrado y los profesionales con un nivel educativo de tercer nivel tuvieron un mayor nivel de conocimientos que los otros grupos (p=0,014 y 0,012) respectivamente. Conclusiones: el grupo etario de 18 a 30 años, los estudiantes de universitarios de pregrado y los profesionales con el título de tercer nivel tuvieron un mejor nivel de conocimientos sobre Covid-19.

Introduction: Covid-19, a lethal disease that has wreaked havoc worldwide caused a pandemic, affecting almost all aspects of human life, therefore, it is necessary to acquire knowledge about prevention, form positive attitudes and behaviors to avoid more contagions and deaths. The objective was to determine the level of knowledge of Covid-19 among students, teachers and administrative personnel belonging to the Faculty of Dentistry of the Central University of Ecuador. Methods: observational, cross-sectional analytical study, with a sample of 275 participants including dental teachers, administrative personnel, undergraduate and graduate students. Prior to the study, the questionnaire Covid-19 Awareness Among Healthcare Students and Professionals in Mumbai Metropolitan Region: A Questionnaire-Based Survey was translated from English into Spanish, following the due processes of preparation, reconciliation, back-translation and final report. Once the reliability of the questionnaire was established (internal consistency CCI= 0,89 and Cronbach's Alpha α= 0,63), it was applied to the total sample after being designed in Google Forms and sent via e-mail. The data were analyzed in the SPSS v. 26 statistical program using the Chi-Square test. Results: the established average of the median value showed that undergraduate students and professionals with a third level education had a higher level of knowledge than the other groups (p=0,014 and 0,012) respectively. Conclusions: the age group 18-30 years, undergraduate university students and professionals with third level degree had a better level of knowledge about Covid-19.

Clinical activity of CC-90011, an oral, potent, and reversible LSD1 inhibitor, in advanced malignancies.

BACKGROUND: CC-90011 is an oral, potent, selective, reversible inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) that was well tolerated, with encouraging activity in patients who had advanced solid tumors or relapsed/refractory marginal zone lymphoma. The authors present long-term safety and efficacy and novel pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data from the first-in-human study of CC-90011. METHODS: CC-90011-ST-001 (ClincalTrials.gov identifier NCT02875223; Eudract number 2015-005243-13) is a phase 1, multicenter study in which patients received CC-90011 once per week in 28-day cycles. The objectives were to determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose, and/or recommended phase 2 dose (primary) and to evaluate preliminary efficacy and pharmacokinetics (secondary). RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients were enrolled, including 50 in the dose-escalation arm and 19 in the dose-expansion arm. Thrombocytopenia was the most common treatment-related adverse event and was successfully managed with dose modifications. Clinical activity with prolonged, durable responses were observed, particularly in patients who had neuroendocrine neoplasms. In the dose-escalation arm, one patient with relapsed/refractory marginal zone lymphoma achieved a complete response (ongoing in cycle 58). In the dose-expansion arm, three patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms had stable disease after nine or more cycles, including one patient who was in cycle 46 of ongoing treatment. CC-90011 decreased levels of secreted neuroendocrine peptides chromogranin A, progastrin-releasing peptide, and RNA expression of the blood pharmacodynamic marker monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation-associated. CONCLUSIONS: The safety profile of CC-90011 suggested that its reversible mechanism of action may provide an advantage over other irreversible LSD1 inhibitors. The favorable tolerability profile, clinical activity, durable responses, and once-per-week dosing support further exploration of CC-90011 as monotherapy and in combination with other treatments for patients with advanced solid tumors and other malignancies.

Phase I Study of Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 Inhibitor, CC-90011, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors and Relapsed/Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is implicated in multiple tumor types, and its expression in cancer stem cells is associated with chemoresistance. CC-90011 is a potent, selective, and reversible oral LSD1 inhibitor. We examined CC-90011 in advanced solid tumors and relapsed/refractory (R/R) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: CC-90011-ST-001 (NCT02875223; 2015-005243-13) is a phase I, multicenter, first-in-human dose-escalation study. Nine dose levels of CC-90011 (1.25-120 mg) given once per week were explored. Primary objectives were to determine safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and/or recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary objectives were to evaluate preliminary efficacy and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS: Fifty patients were enrolled, 49 with solid tumors (27 neuroendocrine tumors/carcinomas) and 1 with R/R NHL. Median age was 61 years (range, 22-75). Patients received a median of three (range, 1-9) prior anticancer regimens. The RP2D was 60 mg once per week; the nontolerated dose (NTD) and MTD were 120 mg once per week and 80 mg once per week, respectively. Grade 3/4 treatment-related toxicities were thrombocytopenia (20%; an on-target effect unassociated with clinically significant bleeding), neutropenia (8%; in the context of thrombocytopenia at the highest doses), and fatigue (2%). The patient with R/R NHL had a complete response, currently ongoing in cycle 34, and 8 patients with neuroendocrine tumors/carcinomas had stable disease ≥6 months, including bronchial neuroendocrine tumors, kidney tumor, and paraganglioma. CONCLUSIONS: CC-90011 is well tolerated, with the RP2D established as 60 mg once per week. The MTD and NTD were determined to be 80 mg once per week and 120 mg once per week, respectively. Further evaluation of CC-90011 is warranted.

Sublethal effects on Simocephalus vetulus (Cladocera: Daphnidae) of pulse exposures of cypermethrin.

Pyrethroids are among the most widely applied insecticides worldwide and cypermethrin is the pyrethroid most used in Argentina. Pesticides used in crops can reach adjacent watercourses through runoff and may lead to non-target fauna receiving toxic pulse exposures. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cypermethrin pulse exposures on the widely distributed crustacean Simocephalus vetulus. The 48h-LC50 of cypermethrin for S. vetulus was determined at 0.18 ± 0.09 µg/L. To assess the effects of cypermethrin under environmentally realistic exposures, two experiments were performed. In the first one, specimens were exposed for 90 min to cypermethrin at 0.02 (T1), 0.2 (T2) and 1 µg/L (T3), transferred to clean water and monitored for 24 h as regards survival and feeding rates; specimens exposed to T2 and T3 concentrations showed significant lower feeding rates than those in the control group. In the second experiment, specimens were exposed for 90 min every 7 days and monitored over 25 days; S. vetulus showed lower cumulative fecundity and reproduction rates at all concentrations tested, and lower population growth at the highest concentration. All exposure concentrations lay within reported environmental concentrations and risk assessment indicated risk (RQ > 1), suggesting that sensitive species would be affected by such pulse exposures of cypermethrin. The present study thus suggests that ongoing agricultural practices affect the non-target invertebrates in streams adjacent to crops.

Adaptación Transcultural y Validación del Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale en preescolares ecuatorianos / Adaptação Transcultural e Validação do Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale em pré-escolares ecuatorianos / Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale in ecuadorian preschool children

Objetivo: Traducir, adaptar y validar el ECOHIS, para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal de pre-escolares ecuatorianos. Materiales y métodos: 50 padres y/o cuidadores de niños de 3 a 5 años de edad participaron en dos pruebas piloto para obtener la traducción y adaptación transcultural del ECOHIS. La validación del mismo se obtuvo mediante entrevista "face to face" realizada en 212 padres y/o cuidadores con sus niños de 3 a 5 años de edad, que fueron examinados clínicamente para diagnosticar caries dental, maloclusiones y traumatismos dentales. La consistencia interna se evaluó con Alfa de Cronbach, la estabilidad del instrumento fue determinada mediante el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI), la validez de constructo y discriminante se evaluaron al relacionar las variables clínicas con las puntua-ciones obtenidas en el Ec-ECOHIS. Resultados: Se obtuvo unaConsistencia Interna de 0744; la estabilidad fue confir-mada por Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI= 0,919); Validez de Constructo se demostró con las asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la puntuación total del Ec-ECOHIS, y de sus secciones EIN y EIF con el ceod y sus componentes, la validez discriminante fue ratificada al encontrar diferencias significativas entre los grupos con presencia o ausencia de caries dentales, maloclusión y trauma dental (p = 0,009; p = 0,028; p = 0,001 respectivamente). Conclusión: El Ec-ECOHIS, es un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal de los preescolares ecuatorianos.

Objective: To translate, to adapt and to validate ECOHIS, in order to evaluate the quality of life related to the oral health of Ecuadorian preschoolers. Equipment and methods: Fifty three-to-five-year-old-child parents and/or caregivers parti-cipated in two experimental tests for getting the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of ECOHIS. Its validation was obtained through face-to-face interviews applied on 212 parents and/or caregivers with their respective children, who were clinically examined in order to detect dental cavities, malocclusions, or any other trauma. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alfa, the stability of the instrument was determined with the intra-class correlation coefficient (CCI). The validity of the construct and discriminant was evaluated after correlating the clinical variables with the scores obtained from the Ec-ECOHIS. Results: The internal consistency obtained was 0744. Its stability was confirmed by the intra-class correlation coefficient (CCI=0,919). The validity of the construct was proved by with the statistically significant relations between the total score from Ec-ECOHIS, and sections EIN and EIF, with the CEOD and its components. The validity of the discriminant was confirmed after finding important differences between the groups that presented and that did not present dental cavities, malocclusions, or other trauma (p = 0,009; p = 0,028; p = 0,001, respec-tively) Conclusion: Ec-ECOHIS is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the quality of life related to oral health of Ecuadorian preschoolers.

Objetivo: Traduzir, adaptar e validar o ECOHIS para avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal dos pré-escola-res equatorianos. Materiais e Métodos: 50 pais e / ou cuidadores infantil com idade entre 3 a 5 anos de idade participaram de dois testes-piloto para a tradução e adaptação cultural do ECOHIS. A validação foi obtida pela entrevista "face a face" feito com 212 pais e / ou cuidadores infantis de 3 a 5 anos de idade que foram examinados clinicamente para diagnosticar a cárie dentária, maloclusões e trauma dental. A consistência interna foi avaliada com Cronbach alfa, a estabilidade do instrumento foi determinada pelo coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (ICC), a validade de constructo e discriminante foi avaliada pela relação entre as variáveis clínicas com as pontuações no Ec-ECOHIS. Resultados: Foi obtida uma Cron-bach alfa de 0,744. A estabilidade foi confirmada pelo coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (ICC = 0,919); a validade de construto foi demostrada pelas associações estatisticamente significativas entre a pontuação total do Ec-ECOHIS, e as suas secções EIN e EIF com ceod e seus componentes, a validade discriminante foi confirmada por haver diferenças significa-tivas entre os grupos com a presença ou ausência de cárie dentária, maloclusãos e trauma dentário (p = 0,009; p = 0,028; p = 0,001, respectivamente). Conclusão: Ec-ECOHIS, é um instrumento válido e confiável para avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal dos pré-escolares equatorianos.

First genetic linkage map of Taraxacum koksaghyz Rodin based on AFLP, SSR, COS and EST-SSR markers.

Taraxacum koksaghyz Rodin (TKS) has been studied in many occasions as a possible alternative source for natural rubber production of good quality and for inulin production. Some tire companies are already testing TKS tire prototypes. There are also many investigations on the production of bio-fuels from inulin and inulin applications for health improvement and in the food industry. A limited amount of genomic resources exist for TKS and particularly no genetic linkage map is available in this species. We have constructed the first TKS genetic linkage map based on AFLP, COS, SSR and EST-SSR markers. The integrated linkage map with eight linkage groups (LG), representing the eight chromosomes of Russian dandelion, has 185 individual AFLP markers from parent 1, 188 individual AFLP markers from parent 2, 75 common AFLP markers and 6 COS, 1 SSR and 63 EST-SSR loci. Blasting the EST-SSR sequences against known sequences from lettuce allowed a partial alignment of our TKS map with a lettuce map. Blast searches against plant gene databases revealed some homologies with useful genes for downstream applications in the future.

Lipid Profile in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients on Anti-TNFα Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies analyzing lipid profile in small cohorts of patients with rheumatic and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) treated with TNFα blockers showed conflicting results. We aim to evaluate the effect of anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies, infliximab and adalimumab, on lipid profile in IBD patients followed up to 3 years. METHODS: Clinical charts of 128 consecutive IBD patients, who received at least three doses of infliximab or two doses of adalimumab, and with a clinical follow-up of at least 1 year, were retrospectively reviewed. Lipid profiles (total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) before beginning the treatment and after 1 and 3 years of follow-up were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed considering total cholesterol difference at basal time, 1 and 3 years as a dependent variable. RESULTS: There was not a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-treatment lipid profiles. However, the subgroup with normal-range total cholesterol level before anti-TNFα treatment (n = 82) showed a significant increase in total cholesterol after 1 and 3 years, and a significant increase in LDL cholesterol after 3 years. The subgroup with basal normal-range triglycerides showed a significant increase after 1 and 3 years of follow-up. Atherogenic index resulted significantly increased after 3 years of anti-TNFα treatment. Multivariate analysis showed no influence of age, gender, type of IBD, body mass index, or the presence of two or more cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: No significant changes in lipid profile of IBD patients on anti-TNFα therapy were observed after 1 and 3 years of treatment.

Detection and quantitation of a bioactive compound in Vicia narbonensis L. seeds by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: a comparative study with UV detection.

Capillary zone electrophoresis with mass spectrometry (CE-MS) and UV detection (CE-UV) was applied to the quantitative determination of gamma-glutamyl-S-ethenyl-cysteine (GEC), a bioactive and unstable compound present in Vicia narbonensis L. seeds. This compound is responsible for, among other negative effects, palatability reduction and grain toxicity. In order to carry out the quantitative analysis of GEC, different conditions (such as composition, concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, and type and time of extraction) were studied. Also, adequate conditions for electrospray-mass spectrometry of this bioactive compound were investigated. The best extraction conditions of GEC from V. narbonensis L. seeds flour were obtained using ethanol-water (70:30 v/v) for 45 min. The use of a 20 m ammonium hydrogen carbonate at pH 7 provided adequate analytical conditions compatible with the unstable nature of GEC as well as with the requirements of CE-UV and CE-MS analysis. A comparative study was carried out between the different figures of merit of CE-UV and CE-MS for quantitative purposes. Both techniques provided similar limit of detection and can be applied with confidence within the same linear dynamic range. However, reproducibility and speed of analysis were better using CE-UV. The developed methods were readily applied to quantify GEC in seeds of 21 genotypes of V. narbonensis L. A good agreement between CE-MS and CE-UV results was observed corroborating the usefulness of both approaches for quantitative purposes.

Uso de spironolactona en pacientes con acné / Uso of spironolactone in acne patients

53 mujeres con acné clasificadas en grupos según la severidad de la enfermedad, recibieron 100 mg vía oral de spironolactona durante los días 5 a 21 de cada ciclo y por seis ciclos seguidos. Al finalizar el tratamiento el 92,43 por ciento de las pacientes habían mejorado (en el 47,15 por ciento de los casos el acné desapareció y en el 45.28 por ciento el acné cambió a grados menos severos). Además la spironolactona disminuyó en forma significativa los niveles sanguíneos de algunos andrógenos como el DHEA-S (p < 0.05). No hubo efectos colaterales con el medicamento. Esta droga, por sus propiedades antiandrogénicas, pudiera ser útil en el tratamiento de las mujeres con acné asociado a hiperandrogenemia